What is the difference between AWS EC2 and AWS Lambda?

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EC2: In More Detail

  • You manage the OS: Choose the OS (Linux, Windows), install updates, manage security, etc.

  • Persistent: Runs as long as you keep the instance alive.

  • Stateful: Easier to maintain state between calls.

  • Great for:

    • Web servers

    • Application servers

    • Hosting databases or legacy software

    • Custom environments or containers

Lambda: In More Detail

  • Event-driven: Runs only in response to triggers (API Gateway, S3 events, CloudWatch, etc.)

  • Stateless: Each invocation is independent (though caching in memory is possible between warm invocations).

  • Automatic scaling: No need to worry about infrastructure.

  • Great for:

    • REST APIs (via API Gateway)

    • File processing (e.g., when files are uploaded to S3)

    • Lightweight backend logic

    • Scheduled tasks

Cost Comparison

  • EC2: Costs accrue even if the server is idle.

  • Lambda: You only pay when code runs — perfect for sporadic workloads.

 Example Use Case

Say you’re building an image processing app:

  • With EC2: You’d deploy a server that’s always running, waiting for uploads.

  • With Lambda: You trigger a function when an image is uploaded to S3, process it, and shut down automatically.

Which One Should You Use?

  • Choose EC2 if:

    • You need full control of the OS or long-running processes

    • You’re running complex applications that don’t easily fit into event-based models

    • You need persistent storage or access to custom software

  • Choose Lambda if:

    • Your workloads are short, event-driven, or sporadic

    • You want to minimize infrastructure management

    • You’re building modern microservices or API backends

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