What is the difference between AWS EC2 and AWS Lambda?
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EC2: In More Detail
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You manage the OS: Choose the OS (Linux, Windows), install updates, manage security, etc.
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Persistent: Runs as long as you keep the instance alive.
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Stateful: Easier to maintain state between calls.
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Great for:
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Web servers
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Application servers
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Hosting databases or legacy software
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Custom environments or containers
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Lambda: In More Detail
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Event-driven: Runs only in response to triggers (API Gateway, S3 events, CloudWatch, etc.)
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Stateless: Each invocation is independent (though caching in memory is possible between warm invocations).
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Automatic scaling: No need to worry about infrastructure.
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Great for:
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REST APIs (via API Gateway)
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File processing (e.g., when files are uploaded to S3)
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Lightweight backend logic
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Scheduled tasks
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Cost Comparison
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EC2: Costs accrue even if the server is idle.
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Lambda: You only pay when code runs — perfect for sporadic workloads.
Example Use Case
Say you’re building an image processing app:
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With EC2: You’d deploy a server that’s always running, waiting for uploads.
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With Lambda: You trigger a function when an image is uploaded to S3, process it, and shut down automatically.
Which One Should You Use?
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Choose EC2 if:
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You need full control of the OS or long-running processes
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You’re running complex applications that don’t easily fit into event-based models
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You need persistent storage or access to custom software
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Choose Lambda if:
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Your workloads are short, event-driven, or sporadic
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You want to minimize infrastructure management
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You’re building modern microservices or API backends
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